Johann Voldemar Jannsen was the leader of the Estonian national movement, initiator of the tradition of song festivals, and a journalist. Jannsen is famous to Estonians as the author of the words to the national anthem of the Republic of Estonia. Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm ("My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy") was adopted as the national anthem of the Republic of Estonia in 1920, and again in 1990. The lyrics were written by Johann Voldemar Jannsen and are set to a melody composed in 1848 by Fredrik (Friedrich) Pacius. Sung at the first Estonian Song Festival in 1869.